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V 3: Flap retraction speed. [8] [9] V 4: Steady initial climb speed. The all engines operating take-off climb speed used to the point where acceleration to flap retraction speed is initiated. Should be attained by a gross height of 400 ft (120 m). [10] V A: Design maneuvering speed. This is the speed above which it is unwise to make full ...
V x increases with altitude and V Y decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling, the altitude above which the airplane cannot climb in steady flight. The Cessna 172 is a four-seat aircraft. At maximum weight it has a V Y of 75 kn (139 km/h) indicated airspeed [4] providing a rate of climb of 721 ft/min (3.66 m/s).
At a glance, the pilot can determine a recommended speed (V speeds) or if speed adjustments are needed. Single and multi-engine aircraft have common markings. For instance, the green arc indicates the normal operating range of the aircraft, from V S1 to V NO. The white arc indicates the flap operating range, V SO to V FE, used for approaches ...
The takeoff decision speed V 1 is the fastest speed at which the pilot must take the first actions to reject the takeoff (e.g. reduce thrust, apply brakes, deploy speed brakes). At speeds below V 1 the aircraft can be brought to a halt before the end of the runway. At V 1 and above, the pilot should continue the takeoff even if an emergency is ...
The PA-31 series was manufactured under licence in several countries from kits of parts supplied by Piper. [20] [21] Chincul SACAIFI in Argentina assembled most of the series as the PA-A-31, PA-A-31-325, PA-A-31P and PA-A-31-350 and Aero Industrial Colombiana SA (AICSA) in Colombia assembled PA-31, PA-31-325 and PA-31-350 aircraft. [22]
The minimum control speed (V MC) of a multi-engine aircraft (specifically an airplane) is a V-speed that specifies the calibrated airspeed below which directional or lateral control of the aircraft can no longer be maintained, after the failure of one or more engines.
V REF speed, the reference landing approach speed of an aircraft; see V speeds § Regulatory V-speeds; Voltage reference, an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed (constant) voltage irrespective of other factors; Volvo Research and Educational Foundations, a group of four foundations headed by Jose Holguin-Veras
The Stinson 108 is a popular single-engine, four-seat, light general aviation aircraft produced by the Stinson division of the American airplane company Consolidated Vultee, from immediately after World War II to 1950 (by which time Stinson was a division of Piper Aircraft).