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A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" (C max), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time. It is widely used in clinical trials for newer medicines to investigate therapeutic effectiveness and safety.
Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...
Short term drug side effects are most likely to occur at or near the C max, whereas the therapeutic effect of drug with sustained duration of action usually occurs at concentrations slightly above the C min. [citation needed] The C max is often measured in an effort to show bioequivalence (BE) between a generic and innovator drug product. [4]
Trough (geology), a long depression less steep than a trench; Trough (meteorology), an elongated region of low atmospheric pressure; Trough (physics), the lowest point on a wave; Trough level (medicine), the lowest concentration of a medicine is present in the body over time; Langmuir-Blodgett trough, a laboratory instrument
English Possible confusion aa, āā, ĀĀ ana of each AAA apply to affected area abdominal aortic aneurysm: a.c. ante cibum: before meals a.c.h.s., ac&hs ante cibum et hora somni: before meals and at bedtime a.d. auris dextra: right ear a single-storey a can be mistaken as an o which could read "o.d.", meaning right eye ad., add. adde addatur: add
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a branch of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology that specializes in the measurement of medication levels in blood. Its main focus is on drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, i.e. drugs that can easily be under- or overdosed. [1] TDM aimed at improving patient care by individually adjusting the dose ...
A drug's characteristics make a clear distinction between tissues with high and low blood flow. Enzymatic saturation: When the dose of a drug whose elimination depends on biotransformation is increased above a certain threshold the enzymes responsible for its metabolism become saturated. The drug's plasma concentration will then increase ...
This definition is slightly different from C trough, the concentration immediately prior to administration of the next dose. [1] C min is the opposite of C max, the maximum concentration that the drug reaches. C min must be above certain thresholds, such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), to achieve a therapeutic effect. [2]