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  2. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    Agamospecies are sometimes represented by species complexes that contain some diploid individuals and other apomictic forms—in particular, plant species that can reproduce via agamospermy. [3] allele One of multiple alternative versions of an individual gene, each of which is a viable DNA sequence occupying a given position, or locus, on a ...

  3. Eugenics in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States

    In examining individual cases and testimonies of Native American women, scholars have found that IHS and contract physicians recommended sterilization to Native American women as the appropriate form of birth control, failing to present potential alternatives and to explain the irreversible nature of sterilization, and threatened that refusal ...

  4. Unit of selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_selection

    Two useful introductions to the fundamental theory underlying the unit of selection issue and debate, which also present examples of multi-level selection from the entire range of the biological hierarchy (typically with entities at level N-1 competing for increased representation, i.e., higher frequency, at the immediately higher level N, e.g., organisms in populations or cell lineages in ...

  5. Human taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_taxonomy

    He was the first to develop the idea that, like other biological entities, groups of people could too share taxonomic classifications. [7] He named the human species as Homo sapiens in 1758, as the only member species of the genus Homo , divided into several subspecies corresponding to the great races .

  6. Signalling theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_theory

    By stotting (also called pronking), a springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) signals honestly to predators that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing.. Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.

  7. Population ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_ecology

    A group of individuals more genetically similar to each other than to other individuals, usually with some degree of spatial isolation as well. Local population: A group of individuals within an investigator-delimited area smaller than the geographic range of the species and often within a population (as defined above).

  8. Herd immunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_immunity

    In the first two examples, most healthy unimmunized people become infected, whereas in the bottom example only one fourth of the healthy unimmunized people become infected. Herd immunity (also called herd effect , community immunity , population immunity , or mass immunity ) is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious ...

  9. Vulnerable species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerable_species

    C) Population estimated to number fewer than 10,000 mature individuals and either: An estimated continuing decline of at least 10% within 10 years or three generations, whichever is longer, or A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and population structure in the form of either: