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Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. [1] Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to adipocytes through adipogenesis. In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors can also form osteoblasts, myocytes and other cell types.
Adipocytes play a vital role in energy homeostasis and process the largest energy reserve as triglycerol in the body of animals. [4] Adipocytes stay in a dynamic state, they start expanding when the energy intake is higher than the expenditure and undergo mobilization when the energy expenditure exceeds the intake.
116939 Ensembl ENSG00000100344 ENSMUSG00000041653 UniProt Q9NST1 Q91WW7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_025225 NM_054088 RefSeq (protein) NP_079501 NP_473429 NP_001395268 NP_001395269 NP_001395270 NP_001395271 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 43.92 – 43.96 Mb Chr 15: 84.05 – 84.07 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), also known ...
Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.
An example is the endocannabinoids that are unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, which mainly are considered to be synthesised “on demand” from phospholipid precursors residing in the cell membrane, but may also be synthesised and stored in intracellular lipid droplets and released from those stores under appropriate conditions.
Since lipids are hydrophobic molecules, they need to be solubilized before their metabolism can begin. Lipid metabolism often begins with hydrolysis, [7] which occurs with the help of various enzymes in the digestive system. [2] Lipid metabolism also occurs in plants, though the processes differ in some ways when compared to animals. [8]
Differentiated adipocytes in a 3T3-L1 cell line stained with Oil Red O. 3T3-L1 is a sub clonal cell line derived from the original 3T3 Swiss albino cell line of 1962. The 3T3 original cell line was isolated from a mouse embryo and propagated for this specific line of 3T3 cells is used to study adipose tissue-related diseases and dysfunctions.
The effect of glucose and insulin on the transcriptional factor can occur through various pathways; there is evidence suggesting that insulin promotes SREBP-1 mRNA expression in adipocytes [19] and hepatocytes. [20]