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List of mathematical functions; List of mathematical identities; List of mathematical proofs; List of misnamed theorems; List of scientific laws; List of theories; Most of the results below come from pure mathematics, but some are from theoretical physics, economics, and other applied fields.
This is a list of mathematical theories. Almgren–Pitts min-max theory; Approximation theory; Arakelov theory; Asymptotic theory; Automata theory; Bass–Serre theory;
The two subjects of mathematical logic and set theory have belonged to mathematics since the end of the 19th century. [46] [47] Before this period, sets were not considered to be mathematical objects, and logic, although used for mathematical proofs, belonged to philosophy and was not specifically studied by mathematicians. [48]
the golden ratio 1.618... in mathematics, art, and architecture [63] Euler's totient function in number theory [64] the argument of a complex number in mathematics; the value of a plane angle in physics and mathematics; the angle to the z axis in spherical coordinates (mathematics) epoch or phase difference between two waves or vectors
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics , science , and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise ...
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
It is now recognized that Euclidean geometry can be studied as a mathematical abstraction, but that the universe is non-Euclidean. Fermat conjectured that all numbers of the form 2 2 m + 1 {\displaystyle 2^{2^{m}}+1} (known as Fermat numbers ) were prime.
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...