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Free-roaming mustangs (Utah, 2005). Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response.Their first reaction to a threat is often to flee, although sometimes they stand their ground and defend themselves or their offspring in cases where flight is untenable, such as when a foal would be threatened.
Excessive aggression; aggressive acts that are more frequent or of greater intensity than expected. [14] Excessive/submissive urination (polyuria); urinating more frequently than expected or under conditions where it would not be expected [15] [16] Excessive licking; excessive licking of the floor, wall or other environmental features. [17]
1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
Aggressive and even violent behavior between stallions not habitually living together or in the presence of mares adds to the challenges in stallion management. Provided with sufficient space and food with no distractions from mares in estrus, even stallions previously used for breeding may coexist peacefully.
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Placing horses on pasture and the presence of companion animals may both help to reduce stable vices. Stable vices are stereotypies of equines, especially horses.They are usually undesirable habits that often develop as a result of being confined in a stable with boredom, hunger, isolation, excess energy, or insufficient exercise.
For example, the study of personality in chimpanzees by King and Figueredo in 1997 [31] was one of the first studies to apply the five-factor model in animal personality. It demonstrated the existence of personality traits in animals and provided a foundation for similar assessment strategies in future studies of personality in animals. [8]
The Morgan horse is one of the earliest horse breeds developed in the United States. [1] Tracing back to the foundation sire Figure, later named Justin Morgan after his best-known owner, Morgans served many roles in 19th-century American history, being used as coach horses and for harness racing, as general riding animals, and as cavalry horses during the American Civil War on both sides of ...