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A Red tide is a discoloration of the sea water by pigmented cells like Gonyaulax spp., some of which may produce toxins. Gonyaulax spinifera has been connected to the production of yessotoxins (YTXs), a group of structurally related polyether toxins, which can accumulate in shellfish.
A red tide occurs because dinoflagellates are able to reproduce rapidly and copiously as a result of the abundant nutrients in the water. Although the resulting red waves are an interesting visual phenomenon, they contain toxins that not only affect all marine life in the ocean, but the people who consume them as well. [ 75 ]
An example of a macroscopic algal bloom is a kelp forest. [2] Algal blooms are the result of a nutrient, like nitrogen or phosphorus from various sources (for example fertilizer runoff or other forms of nutrient pollution), entering the aquatic system and causing excessive growth of algae
The Florida red tide organism, known as K. brevis, produces brevetoxins that can affect the central nervous system of fish and other vertebrates, causing these animals to die.
Fish embryos go through a process called mid-blastula transition which is observed around the tenth cell division in some fish species. Once zygotic gene transcription starts, slow cell division begins and cell movements are observable. [4] During this time three cell populations become distinguished. The first population is the yolk syncytial ...
Embryos of modern vertebrates form transient notochord structures during gastrulation. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. Notogenesis is the development of the notochord by epiblasts that form the floor of the amnion cavity. [8] The progenitor notochord is derived from cells migrating from the primitive node and pit. [9]
Before gastrulation, the embryo is a continuous epithelial sheet of cells; by the end of gastrulation, the embryo has begun differentiation to establish distinct cell lineages, set up the basic axes of the body (e.g. dorsal–ventral, anterior–posterior), and internalized one or more cell types including the prospective gut.
Dead fish and a wretched smell that can spoil the salty breeze. When the ominous rust-colored cloud of red tide begins to saturate coastal waters in Southwest Florida, it means beach closures ...