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The Ego and the Id (German: Das Ich und das Es) is a prominent paper by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. It is an analytical study of the human psyche outlining his theories of the psychodynamics of the id, ego and super-ego, which is of fundamental importance in the development of psychoanalysis. The study was conducted over years ...
"The ego is not sharply separated from the id; its lower portion merges into it.... But the repressed merges into the id as well, and is merely a part of it. The repressed is only cut off sharply from the ego by the resistances of repression; it can communicate with the ego through the id." (Sigmund Freud, 1923)
Vol. XIX The Ego and the Id and Other Works (1923–1925) Vol. XX An Autobiographical Study, Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Lay Analysis and Other Works (1925–1926) Vol. XXI The Future of an Illusion, Civilization and its Discontents and Other Works (1927–1931)
The Ego is a person's "self" composed of unconscious desires. The Ego takes into account ethical and cultural ideals in order to balance out the desires originating in the Id. Although both the Id and the Ego are unconscious, the Ego has close contact with the perceptual system. The Ego has the function of self-preservation, which is why it has ...
With The Ego and the Id [1923], however, Freud's nomenclature began to change. He still emphasised the importance of "the existence of a grade in the ego, a differentiation in the ego, which may be called the 'ego ideal' or 'super-ego'," [10] but it was the latter term which now came to the
Ego psychology is a school of psychoanalysis rooted in Sigmund Freud's structural id-ego-superego model of the mind. An individual interacts with the external world as well as responds to internal forces. Many psychoanalysts use a theoretical construct called the ego to explain how that is done through various ego functions.
The Ego and the Id and Other Works (1923–1925) An Autobiographical Study, Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Lay Analysis and Other Works (1925–1926) The Future of an Illusion, Civilization and its Discontents and Other Works (1927–1931) New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis and Other Works (1932–1936)
Three years later, in 1923, he summarised the ideas of id, ego, and superego in The Ego and the Id. [64] In the book, he revised the whole theory of mental functioning, now considering that repression was only one of many defense mechanisms, and that it occurred to reduce anxiety.