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Diatoms are classified as eukaryotes, organisms with a nuclear envelope-bound cell nucleus, that separates them from the prokaryotes archaea and bacteria. Diatoms are a type of plankton called phytoplankton, the most common of the plankton types. Diatoms also grow attached to benthic substrates, floating debris, and on macrophytes.
Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric diatoms.It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing. [1] T. pseudonana was selected for this study because it is a model for diatom physiology studies, belongs to a genus widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, and has a relatively small genome at 34 mega base pairs.
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Also setting it apart from other eukaryotic genomes is the relative absence of receptor kinases and G protein-coupled receptors. More specific to diatom biology, the understanding of silicon biochemistry in diatoms was enhanced by the discovery of genes involved in the uptake of silicic acid and proteins involved in vesicles for silica ...
Diatoms are enclosed in protective silica (glass) shells called frustules. Each frustule is made from two interlocking parts covered with tiny holes through which the diatom exchanges nutrients and wastes. [156] The frustules of dead diatoms drift to the ocean floor where, over millions of years, they can build up as much as half a mile deep. [160]
Didymosphenia geminata is a diatom, which is a type of single-celled organism unique for their silica (SiO 2) cell walls. The life history of diatoms includes both vegetative and sexual reproduction, though the sexual stage is not yet documented in this species.
The Coscinodiscophyceae are a class(s) of diatoms. [1] They are similar to the Centrales, a traditional, paraphyletic subdivision of the heterokont algae known as diatoms. [2] [3] [4] The order is named for the shape of the cell walls (or valves or frustules) of centric diatoms, which are circular or ellipsoid in valve view.