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An alternative to implementing ORM is use of the native procedural languages provided with every major database. These can be called from the client using SQL statements. The Data Access Object (DAO) design pattern is used to abstract these statements and offer a lightweight object-oriented interface to the rest of the application. [5]
SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for database interactions. It allows developers to work with databases using Python objects, enabling efficient and flexible database access.
Java: Open source: Apache License 2.0 4.2.1 [1] / 2024-06-14; 6 months ago Dapper.NET 4.0 Open source: Apache License 2.0 1.8 NuGet DataNucleus: Java: Open source: Apache License 2 4.1.0.RELEASE / May 19, 2015 JDO: DBIx::Class: Perl Open source: Artistic License 1.0 & GPL: 0.082843 / May 17, 2022 () [2] Django: Python: Open source: BSD licenses
Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping [2]: §1.2.2, [12] tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database.
Doctrine, open source ORM for PHP, Free software (MIT) CakePHP, ORM and framework, open source (scalars, arrays, objects); based on database introspection, no class extending; CodeIgniter, framework that includes an ActiveRecord implementation; Yii, ORM and framework, released under the BSD license. Based on the ActiveRecord pattern
The wrapper class implements accessor methods or properties for each column in the table or view. This pattern is commonly used by object persistence tools and in object–relational mapping (ORM). Typically, foreign key relationships will be exposed as an object instance of the appropriate type via a property.
Apache Cayenne is an open source persistence framework licensed under the Apache License, providing object-relational mapping (ORM) and remoting services. Cayenne binds one or more database schemas directly to Java objects, managing atomic commit and rollbacks, SQL generation, joins, sequences, and more.
Python allows the creation of class methods and static methods via the use of the @classmethod and @staticmethod decorators. The first argument to a class method is the class object instead of the self-reference to the instance. A static method has no special first argument. Neither the instance, nor the class object is passed to a static method.