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This list includes SQL reserved words – aka SQL reserved keywords, [1] [2] as the SQL:2023 specifies and some RDBMSs have added.. The table lists reserved keywords (but also in some cases non-reserved keywords, without specifying if so specifically; some keywords have been reserved, like FIRST, LAST and ZONE in SQL-92, then later unreserved, some like NULLIF and CHAR_LENGTH were reserved in ...
Notably both of Oracle's implementations depend on the database's rollback segment and so only allow temporal queries against recent changes which are still being retained for backup. Microsoft SQL Server (version 2016) implements temporal tables with SYSTEM_VERSIONING. [13] MariaDB 10.3 implements system-versioned tables. [14]
Query by Example (QBE) is a database query language for relational databases. It was devised by Moshé M. Zloof at IBM Research during the mid-1970s, in parallel to the development of SQL . [ 1 ] It is the first graphical query language, using visual tables where the user would enter commands, example elements and conditions.
Title Authors ----- ----- SQL Examples and Guide 4 The Joy of SQL 1 An Introduction to SQL 2 Pitfalls of SQL 1 Under the precondition that isbn is the only common column name of the two tables and that a column named title only exists in the Book table, one could re-write the query above in the following form:
With the development of SQL and its attendant use in real-life applications, database users realized that when they added date columns to key fields, some issues arose. For example, if a table has a primary key and some attributes, adding a date to the primary key to track historical changes can lead to creation of more rows than intended.
Typically, grouping is used to apply some sort of aggregate function for each group. [1] [2] The result of a query using a GROUP BY statement contains one row for each group. This implies constraints on the columns that can appear in the associated SELECT clause. As a general rule, the SELECT clause may only contain columns with a unique value ...
Note (6): Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher, but the function needs to be used in the sql for the index to be used. Note (7): A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field. Note (10): B+ tree and full-text only for now.
Recursive CTEs are also supported by Microsoft SQL Server (since SQL Server 2008 R2), [2] Firebird 2.1, [3] PostgreSQL 8.4+, [4] SQLite 3.8.3+, [5] IBM Informix version 11.50+, CUBRID, MariaDB 10.2+ and MySQL 8.0.1+. [6] Tableau has documentation describing how CTEs can be used. TIBCO Spotfire does not support CTEs, while Oracle 11g Release 2's ...