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Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension . [ 3 ]
The name proliferative vitreo retinopathy was provided in 1989 by the Silicone Oil Study group. The name is derived from proliferation (by the retinal pigment epithelial and glial cells) and vitreo retinopathy to include the tissues which are affected, namely the vitreous humor (or simply vitreous) and the retina. [4]
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Proliferative sickle retinopathy is the most severe ocular complication of sickle cell disease. Even though PSCR begins in the first decade of life, the condition remains asymptomatic and unnoticed until visual symptoms occur due to vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment.
The presence of retinal pigment cells invariably indicates proliferative retinopathy and is only seen in association with a retinal detachment or tear. The incidence of associated PVD ranges from 75 to 93%, and PVD is present in virtually all eyes with retinal breaks or retinal detachments and subsequent ERM formation.
Cotton wool spots have become one of the hallmarks of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, a condition caused by damaged blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar. [10] Abundant cotton wool spots are also found in hypertensive retinopathy , including malignant hypertension , where the white patches are a result of a microvascular ...
The most common cause found in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Abnormal blood vessels can form in the back of the eye of a person with diabetes. These new blood vessels are weaker and prone to breaking and causing hemorrhage. [2] Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 31.5–54% of all cases of vitreous hemorrhage in adults in the United States. [1]
This condition is often associated with diabetes in advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Other conditions causing rubeosis iridis include central retinal vein occlusion, [2] ocular ischemic syndrome, [3] and chronic retinal detachment.
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