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Phorbol esters are a class of chemical compounds found in a variety of plants, particularly in the families Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Chemically, they are ester derivatives of the tetracyclic diterpenoid phorbol .
Phorbol is a natural product found in many plants, especially those of the Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae families. [10] [11] Phorbol is the active constituent of the highly toxic New World tropical manchineel or beach apple, Hippomane mancinella. [12] It is very soluble in most polar organic solvents, as well as in water. In the manchineel ...
Phorbol esters; P. Phorbol; Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate; Prostratin; T. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate This page was last edited on 9 January 2020, at 02:18 ...
Euphorbia helioscopia contains toxic diterpenes [10] and diterpenoids [11] and phorbol esters. These substances are the major skin irritants found in the plant. [12] The plant is considered poisonous when eaten raw. Nausea, allergic reactions, skin irritation, vomiting may occur after eating. [13] A number of tannins can be found in E ...
This latex is extremely toxic due to its skin irritant and carcinogenic diterpene derivatives, mainly phorbol esters. [11] In addition to irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, E. candelabrum latex may cause blindness if brought into contact with the eyes. [5] Various components of E. candelabrum plants can be
The plant family to which Stellera belongs - Thymelaceae - is notable for the number of poisonous species which it contains and also for a certain similarity in chemistry to the family Euphorbiaceae, both families having a number of genera producing phorbol esters.
Esters of carboxylic acids with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties, while polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties.
According to the 2007 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records, the castor oil plant is the most poisonous in the world, though its cousin abrin, found in the seeds of the jequirity plant, is arguably more lethal. Castor oil, long used as a laxative, muscle rub, and in cosmetics, is made from the seeds, but the ricin protein is denatured ...