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The Lunar Hijri calendar ("Islamic calendar") is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. [a] The astronomer's mean tropical year, which is averaged over equinoxes and solstices, is currently 365.24219 days, slightly shorter than the average length of the calendar year in most calendars.
An academic term (or simply term) is a portion of an academic year during which an educational institution holds classes.The schedules adopted vary widely. Common terms such as semester, trimester, and quarter are used to denote terms of specific durations.
In temperate and sub-polar regions, four seasons based on the Gregorian calendar are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn (fall), and winter. Ecologists often use a six-season model for temperate climate regions which are not tied to any fixed calendar dates: prevernal, vernal, estival, serotinal, autumnal, and hibernal.
In a solar calendar a year approximates Earth's tropical year (that is, the time it takes for a complete cycle of seasons), traditionally used to facilitate the planning of agricultural activities. In a lunar calendar, the month approximates the cycle of the moon phase. Consecutive days may be grouped into other periods such as the week.
The Gregorian calendar, like the Julian calendar, is a solar calendar with 12 months of 28–31 days each. The year in both calendars consists of 365 days, with a leap day being added to February in the leap years. The months and length of months in the Gregorian calendar are the same as for the Julian calendar.
The last day of summer is determined by the September or autumn equinox, which marks the first day of fall. The astrological equinox is when the sun passes over the equator in a southward direction.
The calendar includes 177 instructional days and 1,062 instructional hours. A holiday break begins Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2023 for students and runs through Tuesday, Jan. 2, 2024.
Tekufat Tammuz, the summer solstice, when the sun enters Cancer; this is the summer season, or et ha-katsir (harvest-time), when the day is the longest in the year. Tekufat Tishrei, the autumnal equinox, when the sun enters Libra, and autumn, or "et ha-batsir" (vintage-time), begins, and when the day again equals the night.