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"While the Inca may have recognized chili's potent spiritual medicine, they weren't the only culture to do so. Chilies were mixed with tobacco and other plants by shamans and medicine people in pre-Columbian Central America to aid in journeys to the upper and lower worlds on behalf of mankind." [53] Coca, coca tea: Erythroxylaceae spp.
Cutler cites Edward S. Rutsch's study of the Iroquois, listing ingredients used by other Native American tribes: leaves or bark of red osier dogwood, arrowroot, red sumac, laurel, ironwood, wahoo, huckleberry, Indian tobacco, cherry bark, and mullein, among other ingredients.
[11] [12] In some Native cultures, tobacco is seen as a gift from the Creator, with the ceremonial tobacco smoke carrying one's thoughts and prayers to the Creator. [13] Some Native Americans consider tobacco to be a medicine and advocate for its respectful usage, rather than a commercial one. [14]
Various types of ceremonial pipes have been used by different Native American, First Nations and Métis cultures. The style of pipe, materials smoked, and ceremonies are unique to the specific and distinct religions of those nations.
When not applied to a cigarette or joint, the liquid form of PCP is typically smoked in a pipe with tobacco or cannabis. [ 3 ] Due in no small part to successful campaigning against tobacco use, sales of pipe tobacco in Canada fell nearly 80% in a recent fifteen-year period to 27,319 kilograms in 2016, from 135,010 kilograms in 2001, according ...
Native American cultures have also relied on traditional medicine such as ceremonial smoking of tobacco, potlatch ceremonies, and herbalism, to name a few, prior to European colonization. [11] Knowledge of traditional medicinal practices is disappearing in indigenous communities, particularly in the Amazon. [12] [13] [14]
Lobelia inflata has a long use as a medicinal plant as an entheogenic, emetic, and skin or respiratory aid. [6] [7] Native Americans used it for respiratory and muscle disorders, as a purgative, and as a ceremonial medicine. [6] [7] The leaves were chewed and smoked. [8]
Blackfoot Indian medicine bundle. A sacred bundle or a medicine bundle is a wrapped collection of sacred items, held by a designated carrier, used in Indigenous American ceremonial cultures. According to Patricia Deveraux, a member of the Blackfoot Confederacy in Alberta, "These are holy bundles given to us by the Creator to hold our people ...