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In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [ 92 ]
The migration of the Romani people through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe. The key shows the century of arrival in that area, e.g., S.XII is the 12th century. Romani people first arrived in Europe via the Balkans sometime between the 9th and 14th centuries from north India, through Iran, Armenia, and Anatolia. [33] [34] [35]
There has been an increased consciousness of the existence of the Roma as an American people after the Cold War, but there remains a sense of mythology around the group. [5] An announcement made on New York television station WABC referred to Romani people as 'real live Gypsies', suggesting a question mark on their existence. [8]
Philip II decreed in 1570 a ban on the entry of Gypsies into America and ordered the return of those already sent. [31] There is a known case of a Gypsy blacksmith (Jorge Leal) who obtained authorization to travel to Cuba in 1602. [32] Meanwhile, in Spain a new law ordered Roma people to sedentarize under penalty of six years in the galleys (1539).
Romanichal residing in England, Scotland, and Wales are part of the Gypsy (Romani), Roma, and Traveller community. [2] Genetic, cultural and linguistic findings indicate that the Romani people can trace their origins to Northern India. [3] [4] [5]
Romani people are less educated than other people in country where they live. The primary reason for this is attributed to their culture, as they lack trust in schools and would rather segregate themselves. [137] Generally speaking, 10% of Romani people, 20% of Romani boys and 25% of Romani girls are illiterate.
According to the 2021 census, their number was 569,477 people and 3.4% of the total population. [1] The size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania is even more, with different estimates varying from 4.6 percent to over 10 percent of the population, because many people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Roma.
The Romani people have long been a part of the collective mythology of the West, where they frequently were (and still are) depicted as outsiders, aliens, and a threat. For centuries, they were enslaved in Eastern Europe and they were also hunted in Western Europe: the Porajmos, Hitler's attempt to commit genocide against the Romani people, was one violent link in a chain of persecution that ...