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Serum or plasma quetiapine concentrations are usually in the 1–10 mg/L range in overdose survivors, while postmortem blood levels of 10–25 mg/L are generally observed in fatal cases. [64] Non-toxic levels in postmortem blood extend to around 0.8 mg/kg, but toxic levels in postmortem blood can begin at 0.35 mg/kg. [65] [66]
[4] [5] [2] Symptoms in mild cases include high blood pressure and a fast heart rate; usually without a fever. [2] Symptoms in moderate cases include high body temperature, agitation, increased reflexes, tremor, sweating, dilated pupils, and diarrhea. [1] [2] In severe cases, body temperature can increase to greater than 41.1 °C (106.0 °F). [2]
Alcohol can exacerbate the symptoms and may directly contribute to increased severity of symptoms. The reasons for toxicity vary depending on the mixture of drugs. Usually, most victims die after using two or more drugs in combination that suppress breathing, and the low blood oxygen level causes brain death.
Dizziness is often reported as being the withdrawal symptom that lasts the longest. A study testing neuropsychological factors found psychophysiological markers differing from normals, and concluded that protracted withdrawal syndrome was a genuine iatrogenic condition caused by the long-term use. [ 126 ]
In overdose activated charcoal is often recommended. [1] People should not be forced to vomit. [2] In those who have a wide QRS complex (> 100 ms) sodium bicarbonate is recommended. [2] If seizures occur benzodiazepines should be given. [2] In those with low blood pressure intravenous fluids and norepinephrine may be used. [1]
Antipsychotics by class Generic name Brand names Chemical class ATC code Typical antipsychotics; Acepromazine: Atravet, Acezine: phenothiazine: N05AA04
“This medication can lower your blood sugar, so you can experience hypoglycemia or low blood sugar,” Alan says. “I have seen some people where their blood sugar drops rapidly,” Dr. Shah says.
There are several known causes of adrenergic storms; in the United States, cocaine overdose is the leading cause. [16] Any stimulant drug has the capacity to cause this syndrome if taken in sufficient doses, but even non-psychotropic drugs can very rarely provoke a reaction. [17]