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Château Gaillard was one of the first castles in Europe to use machicolations—stone projections on top of a wall with openings that allowed objects to be dropped on an enemy at the base of the wall. [46] [47] Machicolations were introduced to Western architecture as a result of the Crusades.
Below are lists of castles in Europe, organized by country: Sovereign states. Windsor Castle, England, United Kingdom Tavastia Castle, Hämeenlinna, ...
Despite the common period in which castles rose to prominence in Europe, their form and design varied from region to region. In the early 11th century, the motte and keep – an artificial mound with a palisade and tower on top – was the most common form of castle in Europe, everywhere except Scandinavia. [76]
Europe: between 3200 and 2900 BCE Tomb The cairn is about 85 metres (280 ft) in diameter and 15 metres (50 ft) high. Skara Brae: United Kingdom Europe: 3180 BCE Settlement Northern Europe's best preserved Neolithic village. [44] [45] Tomb of the Eagles: United Kingdom Europe: 3150 BCE Tomb In use for 800 years or more.
Castle of Almourol [1] Castelo Branco [1] Castle of Idanha [1] Castle of Monsanto [1] Castle of Penha Garcia [1] Castle of Pombal [2] Castle of Soure - received and reconstructed in March 1128, was the first castle of the Knights Templar. [16] Old town of Tomar, including the Castle, the Convent of the Order of Christ and the Church of Santa ...
The Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork, [2] commonly known as Malbork Castle (Polish: Zamek w Malborku; German: Ordensburg Marienburg), is a brick gothic castle complex located in the town of Malbork, Poland, built in the 13th and significantly expanded in the 14th century.
European castles first emerged between the Loire river and the Rhine in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes and local territories became threatened by the Magyars and the Norse. [44]
In Ireland, as in Britain and most of Europe, encastellation was primarily a Norman venture. The first castles were motte-and-baileys built on the expanding frontier of the English Pale and within it to control the local population, according to Gerald of Wales. Stone castles were slow to develop, appearing in the late thirteenth century.