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The Defense Secrets Act of 1911 (Pub. L. 61–470) was one of the first laws in the United States specifically criminalizing the disclosure of government secrets.It was based in part on the British Official Secrets Act of 1889 [1] and criminalized obtaining or delivering "information respecting the national defense, to which he is not lawfully entitled".
Hidden Secrets: A Complete History of Espionage and the Technology Used to Support It (2002) Polmar, Norman, and Thomas Allen. Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage (2nd ed. 2004) 752pp 2000+ entries online free to read; Richelson, Jeffery T. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century (1997) Trahair, Richard and Robert L. Miller.
The permanent collection traces the complete history of espionage, from the Ancient Greeks and the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the British Empire, the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, both World Wars, the Cold War, and through present day espionage activity ...
This is a list of spies who engaged in direct espionage. It includes Americans spying against their own country and people spying on behalf of the United States. American Revolution era spies
In 1997, he pleaded guilty to espionage and was sentenced to 18 years in prison. [2] April 1996 – Kurt G. Lessenthien, a petty officer in the United States Navy was charged with attempted espionage for offering Top Secret submarine information to the Soviet Union. As part of a plea agreement, he was sentenced to 27 years in military prison. [2]
The Espionage Act of 1917 was passed, along with the Trading with the Enemy Act, just after the United States entered World War I in April 1917.It was based on the Defense Secrets Act of 1911, especially the notions of obtaining or delivering information relating to "national defense" to a person who was not "entitled to have it".
Klaus Fuchs, exposed in 1950, is considered to have been the most valuable of the atomic spies during the Manhattan Project.. Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering activities during the Cold War (c. 1947–1991) between the Western allies (primarily the US and Western Europe) and the Eastern Bloc (primarily the Soviet Union and allied countries of the Warsaw Pact). [1]
Chinese espionage in the United States; List of Chinese spy cases in the United States; Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1919–1937) Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1937–1950)