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As with prokaryotes, two replisomes are required, one at each replication fork located at the terminus of the replication bubble. Because of significant differences in chromosome size, and the associated complexities of highly condensed chromosomes, various aspects of the DNA replication process in eukaryotes, including the terminal phases, are ...
Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. [1] Although it is often studied in the model organism E. coli, other bacteria show many similarities. [2] Replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication (OriC). [3]
A prokaryote (/ p r oʊ ˈ k ær i oʊ t,-ə t /; less commonly spelled procaryote) [1] is a single-celled organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. [2] The word prokaryote comes from the Ancient Greek πρό (pró), meaning 'before', and κάρυον (káruon), meaning 'nut' or 'kernel'. [3]
For most prokaryotic chromosomes, the replicon is the entire chromosome. One notable exception comes from archaea , where two Sulfolobus species have been shown to contain three replicons. Examples of bacterial species that have been found to possess multiple replicons include Rhodobacter sphaeroides (two), Vibrio cholerae , [ 3 ] and ...
More than five decades ago, Jacob, Brenner, and Cuzin proposed the replicon hypothesis to explain the regulation of chromosomal DNA synthesis in E. coli. [18] The model postulates that a diffusible, trans-acting factor, a so-called initiator, interacts with a cis-acting DNA element, the replicator, to promote replication onset at a nearby origin.
Schematic picture of DNA polymerase III* (with subunits). This is the old textbook "trombone model" with two units of Pol III. DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.
In eukaryotic cells chromosome segregation into the daughter cells is not initiated until replication is complete in all chromosomes. [93] Despite these differences, however, the underlying process of replication is similar for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.
Most prokaryote chromosomes contain a circular DNA molecule. This has the major advantage of having no free ends ( telomeres ) to the DNA . By contrast, most eukaryotes have linear DNA requiring elaborate mechanisms to maintain the stability of the telomeres and replicate the DNA .