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They present as multiple small or large bumps characteristically on the heels and wrists. [2] Most are asymptomatic and pain is rare, although some may present with pain before the bumps are noticed. [3] They generally occur bilaterally and display a yellowish to skin-color. [3] They may feel soft or firm. [3] [4]
The management of lipodermatosclerosis may include treating venous insufficiency with leg elevation and elastic compression stockings. [9] In some difficult cases, the condition may be improved with the additional use of the fibrinolytic agent, stanozol. Fibrinolytic agents use an enzymatic action to help dissolve blood clots.
Nodules are small firm lumps usually greater than 1 cm in diameter, found in skin and other organs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If filled with fluid they are usually softer and referred to as cysts . [ 2 ] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules .
A noticeable lump in relation to an extremity may be the first presenting symptom. Multiple deformities can arise, namely coronal plane deformities around the knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. For example, genu valgum (knock knees), ankle valgus, ulnar bowing and shortening, and radial head subluxation are encountered.
Around 2% of the general population has a lipoma. [2] These tumors can occur at any age, but are most common in middle age, often appearing in people from 40 to 60 years old. [27] Cutaneous lipomas are rare in children, but these tumors can occur as part of the inherited disease Bannayan-Zonana syndrome. [40] [41]
Ankles, legs, and knees may also be affected in some cases. [4] On occasion, lesions may appear on the buttocks, genitalia, hands, and elbows. It has been documented that the nails, palms, and soles, features typically thought of as distinguishing characteristics against necrolytic acral erythema, are affected. [5]
Milroy's disease (MD) is a familial disease characterized by lymphedema, commonly in the legs, caused by congenital abnormalities in the lymphatic system. Disruption of the normal drainage of lymph leads to fluid accumulation and hypertrophy of soft tissues.
Ganglion cysts are not limited to the hands and feet. They may occur near the knee, commonly near the cruciate ligaments, but they may occur at the origins of the gastrocnemius tendon, and anteriorly on Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad. [14] At the shoulder, they typically occur at the acromioclavicular joint or along the biceps tendon. [15]