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Map of the Roman Empire in 125 during the reign of emperor Hadrian. The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were realised as a combination of military roads and linked forts, natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond.
Limes (Latin; sg., pl.: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. [1] [2] The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa.
1st millennium BC, border between Văn Lang (Vietnam) and the Mon people; 1353 Establishment of Lan Xang (Laos) Luang Prabang–Hanoi. 938 Vietnamese independence from China, border between Vietnam and the Tai; 1353 Establishment of Lan Xang (Laos) Vientiane–Xa-doai. 938 Vietnamese independence from China, border between Vietnam and the Khmer ...
The Roman Empire under Hadrian (125) showing the provinces as then organised. The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.
The Limes Germanicus (Latin for Germanic frontier), or 'Germanic Limes', is the name given in modern times to a line of frontier fortifications that bounded the ancient Roman provinces of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior and Raetia, dividing the Roman Empire and the unsubdued Germanic tribes from the years 83 to about 260 AD.
Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire, although this is a matter of debate.By the early 2nd century, the Roman Empire had reached the peak of its territorial expansion and rather than constantly expanding their borders as earlier in the Empire and Republic, the Romans solidified their position by fortifying their ...
Reconstructed Roman fortifications at Vindolanda.The limitanei would garrison similar forts around the Empire.. In the early 3rd century, the Roman military was organized into several provincial armies under the command of the provincial governors, a smaller reserve under the command of the emperor, guard units such as the Praetorian Guard, and the urban cohorts.
The Roman fortifications along the lower courses of the Danube were overhauled once again, especially under Anastasios I and Justinian I. They finally served during Maurice's Balkan campaigns his successor, Phocas , as a basis for larger military operations and some were maintained in the province of Moesia Secunda until the invasion of the ...