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As metabolic rate increases, the lifespan of an organism is expected to decrease as a direct result. The rate at which this occurs is not fixed and thus the -45° slope in this graph is just an example and not a constant. The rate of living theory postulates that the faster an organism's metabolism, the shorter its lifespan.
Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
The process of adaptation contributes to this "success" by impacting rates of survival and reproduction, [2] which in turn establishes an organism's level of Darwinian fitness. [5] In life history theory, evolution works on the life stages of particular species (e.g., length of juvenile period) but is also discussed for a single organism's ...
Life chances (Lebenschancen in German) is a theory in sociology which refers to the opportunities each individual has to improve their quality of life. The concept was introduced by German sociologist Max Weber in the 1920s. [ 1 ]
The sociology of death (sometimes known as sociology of death, dying and bereavement or death sociology) explores and examines the relationships between society and death. These relationships can include religious , cultural , philosophical , family , to behavioural insights among many others. [ 1 ]
Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. [3] The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. [7] This was also important in post-war thought.
In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society. In the sciences, contemporary definitions of complexity are found in systems theory, wherein the phenomenon being studied has many parts and many possible arrangements of the parts; simultaneously, what is complex and what is simple are relative and ...
The sociology of scientific knowledge in its Anglophone versions emerged in the 1970s in self-conscious opposition to the sociology of science associated with the American Robert K. Merton, generally considered one of the seminal authors in the sociology of science. Merton's was a kind of "sociology of scientists," which left the cognitive ...