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Natural frequency, measured in terms of eigenfrequency, is the rate at which an oscillatory system tends to oscillate in the absence of disturbance. A foundational example pertains to simple harmonic oscillators, such as an idealized spring with no energy loss wherein the system exhibits constant-amplitude oscillations with a constant frequency.
The frequency that appears in the generalised form of the characteristic equation (which is the same for this circuit as previously) + + ′ = is not the same frequency. In this case it is the natural, undamped resonant frequency: [20]
These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies. A physical object, such as a building, bridge, or molecule, has a set of normal modes and their natural frequencies that depend on its structure, materials and boundary conditions.
The natural frequency (that is, the frequency at which it will oscillate when isolated from any other system, as described above) is determined by the capacitance and inductance values. In most applications the tuned circuit is part of a larger circuit which applies alternating current to it, driving continuous oscillations.
The previous equation can be written also as the following: = where =, in which represents the natural frequency, M and K are the real positive symmetric mass and stiffness matrices respectively.
The damping ratio is a parameter, usually denoted by ζ (Greek letter zeta), [7] that characterizes the frequency response of a second-order ordinary differential equation. It is particularly important in the study of control theory. It is also important in the harmonic oscillator. In general, systems with higher damping ratios (one or greater ...
To synthesise as an RC circuit, all the critical frequencies (poles and zeroes) must be on the negative real axis and alternate between poles and zeroes with an equal number of each. Further, the critical frequency nearest the origin must be a pole, assuming the rational function represents an impedance rather than an admittance.
A typical choice of characteristic frequency is the sampling rate that is used to create the digital signal from a continuous one. The normalized quantity, f ′ = f f s , {\displaystyle f'={\tfrac {f}{f_{s}}},} has the unit cycle per sample regardless of whether the original signal is a function of time or distance.