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  2. Chemical structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_structure

    Theories of chemical structure were first developed by August Kekulé, Archibald Scott Couper, and Aleksandr Butlerov, among others, from about 1858. [4] These theories were first to state that chemical compounds are not a random cluster of atoms and functional groups, but rather had a definite order defined by the valency of the atoms composing the molecule, giving the molecules a three ...

  3. Aqua regia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia

    Freshly prepared aqua regia to remove metal salt deposits Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns orange within seconds. Here, fresh aqua regia has been added to these NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material.

  4. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    According to a report published by the Water Footprint organization in 2010, a single kilogram of beef requires 15 thousand litres (3.3 × 10 ^ 3 imp gal; 4.0 × 10 ^ 3 US gal) of water; however, the authors also make clear that this is a global average and circumstantial factors determine the amount of water used in beef production. [159]

  5. Canto del Agua Formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canto_del_Agua_Formation

    Canto del Agua Formation (Spanish: Formación Canto del Agua) is a geological formation in the Atacama Region of northern Chile. Its stratigraphy from top to bottom is as follows: mudstone, limestone, sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, lapilli tuff, conglomeratic sandstone, muddy sandstone. [1]

  6. Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

    Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.

  7. Chemical substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_substance

    For example, the long-known sugar glucose is now systematically named 6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol. Natural products and pharmaceuticals are also given simpler names, for example the mild pain-killer Naproxen is the more common name for the chemical compound (S)-6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid.

  8. Laminarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminarin

    The molecule laminarin (also known as laminaran) is a storage glucan (a polysaccharide of glucose) found in brown algae.It is used as a carbohydrate food reserve in the same way that chrysolaminarin is used by phytoplankton, especially in diatoms. [1]

  9. Moiety (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiety_(chemistry)

    Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups [1] [2] of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. [3] Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.