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Gilgul (also Gilgul neshamot or Gilgulei HaNeshamot; Heb. גלגול הנשמות , Plural: גלגולים Gilgulim) is a concept of reincarnation or "transmigration of souls" [1] in Kabbalistic esoteric mysticism. In Hebrew, the word gilgul means "cycle" or "wheel" and neshamot is the plural for "souls."
In philosophy, metempsychosis (Ancient Greek: μετεμψύχωσις) is the transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. The term is derived from ancient Greek philosophy, and has been recontextualized by modern philosophers such as Arthur Schopenhauer, [1] Kurt Gödel, [2] Mircea Eliade, [3] and Magdalena Villaba; [4] otherwise, the word "transmigration" is more ...
Illustration of reincarnation in Hindu art In Jainism, a soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas.. Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new lifespan in a different physical form or body after biological death.
The only Hebrew word traditionally translated "soul" (nephesh) in English-language Bibles refers to a living, breathing conscious body, rather than to an immortal soul. [4] In the New Testament, the Greek word traditionally translated "soul" (ψυχή) "psyche", has substantially the same meaning as the Hebrew, without reference to an immortal ...
[167] [20] But this may refer only to a specific kind of transmigration according to theologian Geddes MacGregor, who has argued that Origen must have believed in the Platonic teaching of metempsychosis ('transmigration of souls'; i.e. reincarnation) [173] [167] because it makes sense within his eschatology [174] and is never explicitly denied ...
Heaven is a soul being close to God, not a place but a condition, as it undergoes an eternal spiritual evolution. [4] Anyone who learns and applies virtues and guidance of God "goes to" heaven. Hell is similarly being far from God, not a place, but of failing to understand and apply virtues and guidance from God. Progress from even the worst ...
The transmigration of souls became a Manichaean belief, and the quadripartite structure of the Manichaean community, divided between male and female monks (the "elect") and lay followers (the "hearers") who supported them, appears to be based on that of the Buddhist sangha.
Origen also taught the transmigration of the souls and their preexistence, but these views were officially rejected in 553 in the Fifth Ecumenical Council. Inherent immortality of the soul was accepted among western and eastern theologians throughout the Middle Ages and after the Reformation, as evidenced by the Westminster Confession.