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The WLF equation is a consequence of time–temperature superposition (TTSP), which mathematically is an application of Boltzmann's superposition principle. It is TTSP, not WLF, that allows the assembly of a compliance master curve that spans more time, or frequency, than afforded by the time available for experimentation or the frequency range ...
An alternative model suggested by Arrhenius is also used. The WLF model is related to macroscopic motion of the bulk material, while the Arrhenius model considers local motion of polymer chains. Some materials, polymers in particular, show a strong dependence of viscoelastic properties on the temperature at which they are measured.
The National Academy of Sciences called Ferry "a towering figure in polymer science". [2] The University of Wisconsin said that he was "undoubtedly the most widely recognized research pioneer in the study of motional dynamics in macromolecular systems by viscoelastic techniques".
The kinetic theory of gases allows accurate calculation of the temperature-variation of gaseous viscosity. The theoretical basis of the kinetic theory is given by the Boltzmann equation and Chapman–Enskog theory, which allow accurate statistical modeling of molecular trajectories.
FENE-P is one of few polymer models that can be used in computational fluid dynamics simulations since it removes the need of statistical averaging at each grid point at any instant in time. It is demonstrated to be able to capture some of the most important polymeric flow behaviors such as polymer turbulence drag reduction and shear thinning.
Republican Rep. Mike Turner on Sunday refuted claims that the massive overhaul of the federal government by Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) constitutes a federal crisis.
In this equation is the attraction from the osmotic effect. ∂ f ∂ a {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f}{\partial a}}} is the repulsion due to chain molecules confined between plates. p {\displaystyle p} is on order of r {\displaystyle \langle r\rangle } , the mean end-to-end distance of chain molecules in free space.
From the classics like Erdem and Simone Rocha, to the new vanguard like Harris Reed, these were the can't miss moments from the shows in London this season.