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For a given power supply voltage then, a differential system produces signals of twice the amplitude and therefore has twice as good noise immunity (6 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio) as a single-ended system. The main advantage of single-ended over differential signaling is that fewer wires are needed to transmit multiple signals. If there are ...
Contrary to popular belief, differential signalling does not affect noise cancellation. Balanced lines with differential receivers will reject noise regardless of whether the signal is differential or single-ended, [1] [2] but since balanced line noise rejection requires a differential receiver anyway, differential signalling is often used on balanced lines.
Normal TTL signals are single-ended, which means that each signal consists of a voltage on one wire, referenced to a system ground. [3] The "low" voltage level is zero to 0.8 volts, and the "high" voltage level is 2 volts to 5 volts. A differential TTL signal consists of two such wires, also referenced to a system ground.
In serial communications, multiple single-ended signals are serialized into a single differential pair with a data rate equal to that of all the combined single-ended channels. For example, a 7-bit wide parallel bus serialized into a single pair that will operate at 7 times the data rate of one single-ended channel.
Data rate versus line length chart, from RS-422 Annex A.1. Several key advantages offered by this standard include the differential receiver, a differential driver and data rates as high as 10 megabits per second at 12 meters (40 ft). Since the signal quality degrades with cable length, the maximum data rate decreases as cable length increases.
As noted above, it is possible to drive a balanced line with a single-ended signal and still maintain the line balance. This is represented in outline in figure 7. The amplifier driving one leg of the line through a resistor is assumed to be an ideal (that is, zero output impedance) single-ended output amp.
Some benefits of differential signal processing are; reduced electromagnetic interference susceptibility; reduction in electromagnetic radiation from balanced differential circuit; even order differential distortion products transformed to common mode signals; factor of two increase in voltage level relative to single-ended
In electronics, the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier (or other device) is a metric used to quantify the ability of the device to reject common-mode signals, i.e. those that appear simultaneously and in-phase on both inputs. An ideal differential amplifier would have infinite CMRR, however this is not achievable in ...