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The term molecule may or may not be used to refer to a polyatomic ion, depending on the definition used. The prefix poly-carries the meaning "many" in Greek, but even ions of two atoms are commonly described as polyatomic. [2] In older literature, a polyatomic ion may instead be referred to as a radical (or less commonly, as a radical group).
The cation is always named first. Ions can be metals, non-metals or polyatomic ions. Therefore, the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide.
The existence of the metal–metal bond in Hg(I) compounds was established using X-ray studies in 1927 [2] [page needed] and Raman spectroscopy in 1934 [3] making it one of the earliest, if not the first, metal–metal covalent bonds to be characterised. Other mercury polycations are the linear Hg 2+ 3 and Hg 2+ 4 ions, [3] and the triangular Hg 4+
Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (−) charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics. Cats have paws ⇔ Cations are pawsitive. [27] Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign. [28] An anion is a negative ion. (An egative ion ⇒ Anion). [29]
The phosphotungstate anion, an example of a polyoxometalate. In chemistry, a polyoxometalate (abbreviated POM) is a polyatomic ion, usually an anion, that consists of three or more transition metal oxyanions linked together by shared oxygen atoms to form closed 3-dimensional frameworks.
There are many mixed oxides containing aluminium where there are no discrete or polymeric aluminate ions. The spinels with a generic formula A 2+ B 3+ 2 O 2− 4 that contain aluminium as Al 3+, such as the mineral spinel itself, MgAl 2 O 4 are mixed oxides with cubic close packed O atoms and aluminium Al 3+ in octahedral positions.
The orthoborate ion is known in the solid state, for example, in calcium orthoborate (Ca 2+) 3 ([BO 3] 3−) 2, [1] where it adopts a nearly trigonal planar structure. It is a structural analogue of the carbonate anion [CO 3] 2−, with which it is isoelectronic. Simple bonding theories point to the trigonal planar structure.
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. [1] Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization .