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The weakening of the skin's protective layers forms an environment susceptible to microbial infiltration, which could lead to severe complications. Intervening within an earlier time frame and targeted management strategies are essential to minimize further adverse effects. [10] Another autoimmune skin disease which can occur in dogs is vitiligo.
A dog with skin irritation and hair loss on its leg caused by demodectic mange. Infectious skin diseases of dogs include contagious and non-contagious infections or infestations. Contagious infections include parasitic, bacterial, fungal and viral skin diseases. One of the most common contagious parasitic skin diseases is Sarcoptic mange (scabies).
The disease in dogs can affect the lungs and skin, but more commonly the eye and central nervous system. [20] Ringworm is a fungal skin disease that in dogs is caused by Microsporum canis (70%), Microsporum gypseum (20%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10%). Typical signs in dogs include hair loss and scaly skin. [21]
The retinal degeneration appears to be related to apoptosis of these cells. [11] SARDS must be distinguished from other causes of sudden blindness that have no visible pathology, including retrobulbar optic neuritis , a tumor at the optic chiasm , or other central nervous system diseases.
Retinal detachment occurs with complete retinal dysplasia, and is accompanied by blindness in that eye. Cataracts or glaucoma can also occur secondary to retinal dysplasia. Other causes of retinal dysplasia in dogs include infection with canine adenovirus or canine herpesvirus , or radiation of the eye in newborns.
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
The dark blue, teal, and gold tapetum lucidum from the eye of a cow Retina of a mongrel dog with strong tapetal reflex. The tapetum lucidum (Latin for 'bright tapestry, coverlet'; / t ə ˈ p iː t əm ˈ l uː s ɪ d əm / tə-PEE-təm LOO-sih-dəm; pl.: tapeta lucida) [1] is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some other animals.
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases seen in certain breeds of dogs and, more rarely, cats. Similar to retinitis pigmentosa in humans, [ 1 ] it is characterized by the bilateral degeneration of the retina , causing progressive vision loss culminating in blindness.