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The Middle English word Jew derives from Old English where the word is attested as early as 1000 in various forms, such as Iudeas, Gyu, Giu, Iuu, Iuw, Iew. The Old English name is derived from Old French. The modern French term is "Juif/Juive" (m/f). [3] Most European languages have retained the letter "d" in the word for "Jew".
The Hebrew term Yehudi (יְהוּדִי ) occurs 74 times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible. It occurs first in the Hebrew Bible in 2 Kings 16:6 where Rezin king of Syria drove the 'Jews' out of Elath, and earliest among the prophets in Jeremiah 32:12 of 'Jews' that sat in the court of the prison."
The term Semitic in a racial sense was coined by members of the Göttingen school of history in the early 1770s. Other members of the Göttingen school of history coined the separate term Caucasian in the 1780s. These terms were used and developed by numerous other scholars over the next century.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Semitic-speaking Israelites, especially in the pre-monarchic period This article is about the Hebrew people. For the book of the Bible, see Epistle to the Hebrews. For the Semitic language spoken in Israel, see Hebrew language. Judaean prisoners being deported into exile to other parts ...
The German word "Jude" is pronounced , the corresponding adjective "jüdisch" [ˈjyːdɪʃ] (Jewish) is the origin of the word "Yiddish". [68] According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fourth edition (2000),
The leading dictionary of standard German has changed its definition of Jew, or “Jude” in German, after a recent update caused an uproar in the country’s Jewish community — a move ...
The definition had recently been altered to denote that "Jew" can be deemed offensive — a conclusion Jewish leaders have dismissed. Definition of ‘Jew’ changed in German’s go-to dictionary ...
In legal texts, such as the Mishnah and Gemara, ישראלי (Yisraeli), or Israelite, is used to describe Jews instead of יהודי (Yehudi), or Jew. In Samaritanism, Samaritans are not Jews יהודים (Yehudim). Instead, they are Israelites, which includes their Jewish brethren, or Israelite Samaritans. [55] [56] [full citation needed] [57]