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The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. [1] It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). Heian (平安) means ' peace ' in Japanese.
Except for a five-year period (740–745), when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kanmu established a new capital, Nagaoka-kyō, in 784, before moving to Heian-kyō, modern Kyoto, a decade later in 794.
Despite the transfer of the capital to Heian-kyō, due to losses in fires and wars, all are in Nara Prefecture, other than for a stone tō in Gunma Prefecture. Those at Tōdai-ji form part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara ; [ 3 ] that at Hōryū-ji is part of the World Heritage Site Buddhist Monuments in the ...
Although less elaborate than during the Heian period, architecture in the Kamakura period was informed by a simplicity due to its association with the military order. New residences used a buke-zukuri style that was associated with buildings surrounded by narrow moats or stockades. Defense became a priority, with buildings grouped under a ...
Early Middle Japanese (中古日本語, Chūko-Nihongo) [1] is a stage of the Japanese language between 794 and 1185, which is known as the Heian period (平安時代). The successor to Old Japanese (上代日本語), it is also known as Late Old Japanese.
The Shōsō-in is also the only building to survive the Siege of Nara in the Heian period. [6] The exact construction date is unclear, but construction works probably started soon after the empress's bequest in AD 756 and definitely were finished before AD 759, when the bequest items storage lists were complete.
Miniature model of the ancient capital Heian-kyō. Heian-kyō was built in what is now the central part of Kyoto city covering an area spanning the Kadono (葛野郡, Kadono-gun) and Otagi Districts (愛宕郡, Otagi-gun) of Yamashiro Province. The city boundaries formed a rectangle measuring 4.5 km from east to west and 5.2 km from north to south.
Kei school established a new style of Buddhist sculpture based on realism, incorporating elements of the Tenpyo style of the Nara period as well as the yosegi-zukuri technique established by Jōchō in the Heian period. Their sculptures are characterized by sharp and stern expressions, muscular and three-dimensional bodies, and postures and ...