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Hafele and Keating aboard a commercial airliner, with two of the atomic clocks One of the actual HP 5061A Cesium Beam atomic clock units used in the Hafele–Keating experiment. The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity. In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four ...
Minkowski diagram. The muon emerges at the origin (A) by collision of radiation with the upper atmosphere. The muon is at rest in S′, so its worldline is the ct′-axis. The upper atmosphere is at rest in S, so its worldline is the ct-axis. Upon the axes of x and x′, all events are present that are simultaneous with A in S and S ...
Joseph Carl Hafele (25 July 1933 – 15 November 2014) was an American physicist best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] a test of Einstein's theory of general relativity. [ 2 ] Hafele was an apprentice welder when he was drafted to serve in the army during the Korean War.
Richard E. Keating (29 May 1941 – 5 Oct 2006) was an American astronomer best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] [2] a test of Einstein's theory of relativity [3] performed while he was working at the United States Naval Observatory.
The Hafele–Keating experiment is also recognized as a counterpart to Sagnac effect physics. [38] In the actual Hafele–Keating experiment [39] the mode of transport (long-distance flights) gave rise to time dilation effects of its own, and calculations were needed to separate the various contributions. For the (theoretical) case of clocks ...
Other precision tests of general relativity, [66] not discussed here, are the Gravity Probe A satellite, launched in 1976, which showed gravity and velocity affect the ability to synchronize the rates of clocks orbiting a central mass and the Hafele–Keating experiment, which used atomic clocks in circumnavigating aircraft to test general ...
The Kennedy–Thorndike experiment. The effects of special relativity can phenomenologically be derived from the following three fundamental experiments: [8] Michelson–Morley experiment, by which the dependence of the speed of light on the direction of the measuring device can be tested. It establishes the relation between longitudinal and ...
1971 – The Hafele–Keating experiment confirms time dilation predicted by special & general relativity. [44] [45] 1974 – Stefan Marinov claims to contradict special relativity by measuring a variation in c. His results are noted by the scientific community but rejected as incorrect.