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A map of medieval universities in Europe. The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting in Europe. [7] [8] For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools (scholae monasticae), where monks and nuns taught classes.
A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1; Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. IV: Universities Since 1945, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-36108-8
An Ordinary was a type of lecture given in universities of the Middle Ages.Lectures were distinguished by the time of day they were conducted: an ordinary was conducted by fully qualified professors on fundamental texts in the morning, while extraordinary lectures were given in the afternoon by bachelors (the medieval equivalent of a graduate student) on less important texts.
There is no official definition for the term studium generale.The term studium generale first appeared at the beginning of the 13th century out of customary usage, and meant a place where students from everywhere were welcomed, not merely those of the local district or region.
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The University of Paris was one of the first universities in Europe and then considered the most prestigious of the time because of its focus on theology. [citation needed] The University's founding principles were defined by its teaching mission and scholasticism; these set off trends of city growth, democratic expansion, and the 12th-century intellectual renaissance.
The practice in the medieval university was for the instructor to read from an original source to a class of students who took notes on the lecture. The reading from original sources evolved into the reading of glosses on an original and then more generally to lecture notes.
The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe is a history of medieval Europe, first published by Oxford University Press in 1988 under the editorship of George Holmes. It is divided into six chapters by different authors, covering the period 400 to 1500 AD, each of which has either a northern or southern Europe focus.