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The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 [ 1 ] in 33 states and 10 organized territories.
The documents include census records, birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, military and property records, and other vital records maintained by local, state, and national governments. However, to access the billions of names that appear on these images, indexes are needed to be able to search them efficiently.
Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. The 1860 Federal Census [7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed.
New York did not conduct a census in 1885 because its Governor David B. Hill refused to support the proposed census due to its extravagance and cost. [16] [17] Governor Hill objected to the idea of spending so much state money on a state census that was as extravagant as the 1880 U.S. Census. [16] [17]
The South overall developed two distinct groups of free Negroes. Those in the Upper South were more numerous: the 1860 census showed only 144 free Negroes in Arkansas, 773 in Mississippi, and 932 in Florida, while in Maryland there were 83,942; in Virginia, 58,042; in North Carolina, 30,463; and in Louisiana, 18,647. [26]
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By 1860, more than half of the African Americans in Delaware were free, as were a high proportion in Maryland. [13] According to the 1860 United States census, slaves comprised less than a fifth of the population in all five border states, specifically Kentucky (19.5%), Maryland (12.7%), Missouri (9.7%), West Virginia (4.9%), and Delaware (1.6%).
Natchez to New Orleans: Norman's chart of the lower Mississippi River by A. Persac (1858) showing cotton plantations of Mississippi along the Mississippi River, Natchez to state line 1860 US census, Mississippi, number of slaves per enslaver Former slave quarters at Jefferson Davis' plantation Brierfield in Mississippi, drawn by A.R. Waud, etching published 1866 in Harper's Weekly