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In second-language acquisition, the acculturation model is a theory proposed by John Schumann to describe the acquisition process of a second language (L2) by members of ethnic minorities [1] that typically include immigrants, migrant workers, or the children of such groups. [2]
Acculturation is a process in which an individual adopts, acquires and adjusts to a new cultural environment as a result of being placed into a new culture, or when another culture is brought to someone. [1] Individuals of a differing culture try to incorporate themselves into the new more prevalent culture by participating in aspects of the ...
The acculturation gap is the changing set of values and culture between a child and parent or guardian. The gap is usually revealed after a family immigrates from one country to another and assimilates into a culture. After immigration, a child adapts into a new culture quickly.
According to acculturation model, people will initially have (1) a honeymoon period, followed by (2) a transition period, that is, cultural shock.Over time people will begin to (3) adapt (the dotted line depicted some people hated by new cultures instead [clarification needed]), before in some cases (4) returning to their own places and re-adapting to the old culture.
Throughout history there have been different forms of cultural assimilation. Examples of types of acculturation include voluntary and involuntary assimilation. [7] Assimilation could also involve the so-called additive acculturation wherein, instead of replacing the ancestral culture, an individual expands their existing cultural repertoire. [5]
Cultural reproduction, a concept first developed by French sociologist and cultural theorist Pierre Bourdieu, [1] [2] is the mechanisms by which existing cultural forms, values, practices, and shared understandings (i.e., norms) are transmitted from generation to generation, thereby sustaining the continuity of cultural experience across time.
Enculturation is referred to as acculturation in some academic literature. However, more recent literature has signalled a difference in meaning between the two. Whereas enculturation describes the process of learning one's own culture, acculturation denotes learning a different culture, for example, that of a host. [7]
[3] [4] Cultural amalgamation does not involve one group's culture changing another group's culture (acculturation) [5] or one group adopting another group's culture (assimilation). [6] [1] Instead, a new culture results. [1] This is the origin of cultural amalgamation. It is the ideological equivalent of the melting pot theory. [1]