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Conventional rotary wings as used by modern rotorcraft. Spanwise horizontal-axis. Wing rotor: an airfoil-section horizontal-axis rotor which creates the primary lift. Magnus rotor: a rotor which creates lift via the Magnus effect. Flettner rotor: a smooth cylindrical Magnus rotor with disc end plates.
A rotary-wing aircraft, rotorwing aircraft or rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft with rotary wings that spin around a vertical mast to generate lift. The assembly of several rotor blades mounted on a single mast is referred to as a rotor .
Rockwell XFV-12 (wing lift augmentation, failed to fly) Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig (vertically mounted jet) Rotary Rocket Roton (rotating annular aerospike rotor) Ryan X-13 Vertijet ; Ryan XV-5 Vertifan (liftfans)
The charts show the added lift benefit produced by ground effect. [3] For fan- and jet-powered vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, ground effect when hovering can cause suckdown and fountain lift on the airframe and loss in hovering thrust if the engine sucks in its own exhaust gas, which is known as hot gas ingestion (HGI). [4] [5]
In this mode of operation the craft is essentially identical to a helicopter. As the craft gains speed, the coaxial proprotor is slowly tilted forward, with the blades eventually becoming perpendicular to the ground. In this mode the wing provides the lift, and the wing's greater efficiency helps the tiltrotor achieve its high speed.
Additionally, ground handling of an airship can be difficult. Because it is floating, in even a light breeze it is susceptible to wind buffeting. On the other hand, heavier-than-air aircraft, or aerodynes, especially rotorcraft, require the constant use of power to generate lift, and conventional airplanes also require runways.
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