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Most hospice care is delivered at home. Hospice care is available to people in home-like hospice residences, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, veterans' facilities, hospitals and prisons. Florence Wald, Dean of the Yale School of Nursing, founded one of the first hospices in the United States in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1974. [4]
Palliative care got its start as hospice care delivered largely by caregivers at religious institutions. The first formal hospice was founded in 1948 by the British physician Dame Cicely Saunders in order to care for patients with terminal illnesses. [2] She defined key physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of distress in her work.
Palliative care (derived from the Latin root palliare, meaning "to cloak") is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimising quality of life and mitigating or reducing suffering among people with serious, complex, and often terminal illnesses. [1]
General inpatient care is an intensive level of care which may be provided in a nursing home, a specially contracted hospice bed or unit in a hospital, or in a free-standing hospice unit. [65] General inpatient criterion is for patients who are experiencing severe symptoms which require daily interventions from the hospice team to manage. [60]
In 2001, there was an active palliative care support team in 72% of hospitals and a specialized nurse or active support team in 50% nursing homes. Government resources for palliative care doubled in 2000, and in 2007 Belgium was ranked third out of 52 countries worldwide in terms of resources for palliative care.
Most hospices offer a choice of residential (nursing home) or in-home (supportive) care. A hospice emphasizes a palliative rather than curative approach; the patient is made comfortable, including pain relief as needed, and both patient and family are given emotional, spiritual, and practical support. [8]
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