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Cosine power-reduction formula: an illustrative diagram. The red, orange and blue triangles are all similar, and the red and orange triangles are congruent. The hypotenuse A D ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {AD}}} of the blue triangle has length 2 cos θ {\displaystyle 2\cos \theta } .
In integral calculus, integration by reduction formulae is a method relying on recurrence relations. It is used when an expression containing an integer parameter , usually in the form of powers of elementary functions, or products of transcendental functions and polynomials of arbitrary degree , can't be integrated directly.
For example, the sine of angle θ is defined as being the length of the opposite side divided by the length of the hypotenuse. The six trigonometric functions are defined for every real number, except, for some of them, for angles that differ from 0 by a multiple of the right angle (90°). Referring to the diagram at the right, the six ...
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You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
Āryabhaṭa's sine table; Bhaskara I's sine approximation formula; Madhava's sine table; Ptolemy's table of chords, written in the second century A.D. Rule of marteloio; Canon Sinuum, listing sines at increments of two arcseconds, published in the late 1500s
Like the sine, the cosine and tangent are replaced with rational equivalents, called the "cross" and "twist", and Divine Proportions develops various analogues of trigonometric identities involving these quantities, [3] including versions of the Pythagorean theorem, law of sines and law of cosines.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... yet another the integral of a power of the sine or cosine function). ... This is the secant reduction formula, which follows ...