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Diamond and graphite materials and structure. Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where the atoms are arranged in a modified version of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure known as "diamond cubic". It is known for its hardness (see table above) and incompressibility and is targeted for some potential optical and electrical applications.
Its hardness is theoretically superior to that of cubic diamond (up to 58% more), according to computational simulations, but natural specimens exhibited somewhat lower hardness through a large range of values (from 7–8 on Mohs hardness scale). The cause is speculated to be due to the samples having been riddled with lattice defects and ...
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Known to the ancient Greeks as ἀδάμας (adámas, 'proper, unalterable, unbreakable') [3] and sometimes called adamant, diamond is the hardest known naturally occurring material, and serves as the definition of 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Diamond is extremely strong owing to its crystal structure, known as diamond cubic, in ...
A programmable material that the Transformers are made from. Tritanium: Star Trek: The fictional metal tritanium was referred to in many episodes as an extremely hard alloy used in starship hulls and hand-held tools. Eve Online: A versatile material; the primary material used in the construction of virtually all star ships and star ship components.
It is one of the hardest known materials, along with various forms of diamond and other kinds of boron nitride. Borazon is a crystal created by heating equal quantities of boron and nitrogen at temperatures greater than 1800 °C (3300 °F) at 7 GPa (1 million lbf/in 2 ).
The extreme hardness of diamond in certain orientations makes it useful in materials science, as in this pyramidal diamond embedded in the working surface of a Vickers hardness tester. Diamond is the hardest material on the qualitative Mohs scale. To conduct the quantitative Vickers hardness test, samples of materials are struck with a pyramid ...
Rhenium diboride is occasionally, and controversially, [4] [6] cited as a "superhard material" due to its high hardness level.However, tested in the asymptotic-hardness region, as recommended for hard and superhard materials, [4] rhenium diboride demonstrates a Vickers hardness of only 30.1 ± 1.3 GPa at 4.9 N, well below the generally-accepted threshold of 40 GPa or more needed to classify it ...