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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... (and the upgrade Molniya 1T) ... and the orbital period needed to be approximately half a sidereal day. These two factors ...
The constellation of Molniya-orbiting satellites uses three satellites on different orbital planes, with apogees comparable to those of the geostationary satellites. A Molniya orbit (Russian: Молния , IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] ⓘ , "Lightning") is a type of satellite orbit designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage over ...
Molniya orbit: A semi-synchronous variation of a Tundra orbit. For Earth this means an orbital period of just under 12 hours. Such a satellite spends most of its time over two designated areas of the planet. An inclination of 63.4° is normally used to keep the perigee shift small. [15]
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth.Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... move to sidebar hide. 1970 in spaceflight; Orbital launches; First: 11 February : Last: 12 December ... Molniya-1 13 Molniya ...
This comparison of retired orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all retired individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. For a list of proposed rocket configurations or individual configurations currently being launched check out Comparison of Orbital Launch Systems .
A total of 7 Molniya-1 satellites were launched, 5 of them successfully. In 1966, due to the heavy workload of OKB-1, the production of the Molniya-1 satellite was transferred to Branch No. 2 of OKB-1, nowadays Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev, and all subsequent satellites of the Molniya series were manufactured at this enterprise.
The Molniya (Russian: Молния, meaning "lightning"), GRAU Index 8K78, was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The rocket was given the name Molniya due to the large number of Molniya communication satellites the rockets launched.