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The ALDH2 gene is about 44 kbp in length and contains at least 13 exons which encode 517 amino acid residues. Except for the signal NH2-terminal peptide, which is absent in the mature enzyme, the amino acid sequence deduced from the exons coincided with the reported primary structure of human liver ALDH2.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic enzyme [3] responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. [3] There are three different classes of these enzymes in mammals: class 1 (low K m, cytosolic), class 2 (low K m, mitochondrial), and class 3 (high K m, such as those expressed in tumors, stomach, and cornea).
ALDH2, which has a lower K M for acetaldehydes than ALDH1 and acts predominantly in the mitochondrial matrix, is the main enzyme in acetaldehyde metabolism and has three genotypes. A single point mutation (G → A) at exon 12 of the ALDH2 gene causes a replacement of glutamate with lysine at residue 487, resulting in the ALDH2K enzyme. [8]
Individuals with two copies of the ALDH2*2 allele are known to have high blood acetaldehyde levels and experience “hangover” symptoms such as heart palpitations for longer durations, even with low alcohol consumption. [15] [16] [2] Individuals who work with DMF have shown a dose-related increase in alcohol intolerance complaints. [26]
ALDH3A2 catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes into fatty acids. It is known to act on a variety of both saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length, as well as dihydrophytal, a 20-carbon branched chain aldehyde. [6]
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Oil extended its rally to a third day, with Brent prices up 2.7% to $74.77 a barrel, on reports that Iran was preparing a retaliatory strike on Israel from Iraqi territory in the coming days. [O/R]
Lake effect snow is slamming the Great Lakes, with seven states from Wisconsin to New York under snow alerts on Monday. So far, snow totals have reached 65 inches in Barnes Corners, New York; 30 ...