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  2. Rivalry (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)

    A good is considered non-rivalrous or non-rival if, for any level of production, the cost of providing it to a marginal (additional) individual is zero. [2] A good is "anti-rivalrous" and "inclusive" if each person benefits more when other people consume it. A good can be placed along a continuum from rivalrous through non-rivalrous to anti ...

  3. Common good (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_good_(economics)

    Wild fish are an example of common goods. They are non-excludable, as it is impossible to prevent people from catching fish. They are, however, rivalrous, as the same fish cannot be caught more than once. Common goods (also called common-pool resources [1]) are defined in economics as goods that are rivalrous and non-excludable. Thus, they ...

  4. Goods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods

    Fully Non-Excludable Rivalrous Private Goods. food, clothing, cars, parking spaces Piracy of copyrighted goods like movies, books, video games Common-pool Resources. fish, timber, coal, free public transport. Non-Rivalrous Club Goods. cinemas, private parks, television, public transport. Sharing pay television or streaming subscriptions

  5. Anti-rival good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-rival_good

    The production of anti-rival goods typically benefits from network effects.Leung (2006) [2] quotes from Weber (2004), "Under conditions of anti-rivalness, as the size of the Internet-connected group increases, and there is a heterogeneous distribution of motivations with people who have a high level of interest and some resources to invest, then the large group is more likely, all things being ...

  6. Public good (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good_(economics)

    However, some theorists, such as Inge Kaul, use the term "global public good" for a public good that is non-rivalrous and non-excludable throughout the whole world, as opposed to a public good that exists in just one national area. Knowledge has been argued as an example of a global public good, [4] but also as a commons, the knowledge commons ...

  7. Excludability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability

    In economics, a good, service or resource is broadly assigned two fundamental characteristics; a degree of excludability and a degree of rivalry. Excludability was originally proposed in 1954 by American economist Paul Samuelson where he formalised the concept now known as public goods, i.e. goods that are both non-rivalrous and non-excludable. [1]

  8. Club good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_good

    Club goods (also artificially scarce goods, toll goods, collective goods or quasi-public goods) are a type of good in economics, [1] sometimes classified as a subtype of public goods that are excludable but non-rivalrous, at least until reaching a point where congestion occurs. Often these goods exhibit high excludability, but at the same time ...

  9. Property rights (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)

    It is non-excludable, as excluding people is either impossible or prohibitively costly, and can be rivalrous or non-rivalrous. Open-access property is not managed by anyone, and access to it is not controlled. This is also known as a common property resource, impure public good or sometimes erroneously as a common pool resource. [13]