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Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
The Age of Intelligent Machines is a non-fiction book about artificial intelligence by inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil. This was his first book and the Association of American Publishers named it the Most Outstanding Computer Science Book of 1990. [1] It was reviewed in The New York Times and The Christian Science Monitor.
Most scientists believe that AI research will at some point lead to the creation of machines that are as intelligent, or more intelligent, than human beings in every domain of interest. [3] There is no physical law precluding particles from being organised in ways that perform even more advanced computations than the arrangements of particles ...
The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence is a non-fiction book by inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil about artificial intelligence and the future course of humanity. First published in hardcover on January 1, 1999, by Viking, it has received attention from The New York Times, The New York Review of Books and The ...
Chinook, a computer program that plays English draughts; the first to win the world champion title in the competition against humans. [22] Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer developed by IBM which beat Garry Kasparov in 1997. [23] Halite, an artificial intelligence programming competition created by Two Sigma in 2016. [24]
Artificial general intelligence. An intelligent machine with the versatility to perform any intellectual task. Superintelligence. A machine with a level of intelligence far beyond human intelligence. Chinese room § Strong AI. A machine that has mind, consciousness and understanding. (Also, the philosophical position that any digital computer ...
AIMA gives detailed information about the working of algorithms in AI. The book's chapters span from classical AI topics like searching algorithms and first-order logic, propositional logic and probabilistic reasoning to advanced topics such as multi-agent systems, constraint satisfaction problems, optimization problems, artificial neural networks, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and ...
This was the first example of a feedback mechanism. [citation needed] 1st century Hero of Alexandria created mechanical men and other automatons. [8] He produced what may have been "the world's first practical programmable machine:" [9] an automatic theatre. 260