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EPA HWFET driving cycle. The "highway" program or Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET) is defined in 40 CFR 600.I. [10] It uses a warmed-up engine and makes no stops, averaging 48 mph (77 km/h) with a top speed of 60 mph (97 km/h) over a 10-mile (16 km) distance. The following are some characteristic parameters of the cycle:
The distance covered is 23.25 km (more than double the 11 kilometers of the NEDC). [5] The key differences between the old NEDC and new WLTP test are that WLTP: [4] has higher average and maximum speeds; includes a wider range of driving conditions (urban, suburban, main road, highway) simulates a longer distance; has higher average and maximum ...
A driving cycle is a series of data points representing the speed of a vehicle versus time.. Driving cycles are produced by different countries and organizations to assess the performance of vehicles in various ways, for example, fuel consumption, electric vehicle autonomy and polluting emissions.
The NEDC is composed of two parts: ECE-15 (Urban Driving Cycle), repeated 4 times, is plotted from 0 s to 780 s; EUDC cycle is plotted from 780 s to 1180 s. The Urban Driving Cycle ECE-15 (or just UDC) was introduced first in 1970 as part of ECE vehicle regulations; the recent version is defined by ECE R83, R84 and R101.
Usually, transport risk is computed by reference to the distance traveled by people, while for road traffic risk, only vehicle traveled distance is usually taken into account. [ 7 ] In the United States, the unit is used as an aggregate in yearly federal publications, while its usage is more sporadic in other countries.
The "highway" program or Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET) is defined in 40 CFR 600.I and uses a warmed-up engine and makes no stops, averaging 48 mph (77 km/h) with a top speed of 60 mph (97 km/h) over a 10-mile (16 km) distance. A weighted average of city (55%) and highway (45%) fuel economies is used to determine the combined ...
Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...
The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.