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It is a combination drug containing three active ingredients - theophylline, ephedrine, phenobarbital. [2] This medication relaxes the smooth muscle of the airways, making breathing easier. [3] The common side effects of Tedral include gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness, headache and lightheadedness.
The effects of theophylline/ephedrine as a performance-enhancing drug in exercise and sports have been studied. [20] [21] Use of theophylline/ephedrine combinations has led to disqualification of elite athletes due to ephedrine being banned in competitive sports. [22]
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. [1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). [1]
Diphenhydramine is the primary constituent of dimenhydrinate and dictates the primary effect. The main differences relative to pure diphenhydramine are a lower potency due to being combined with 8-chlorotheophylline (by weight, dimenhydrinate is between 53% and 55.5% diphenhydramine) [10] and the fact that the stimulant properties of 8-chlorotheophylline help reduce the side ...
The most prominent side effects are dizziness and sleepiness. [44] Diphenhydramine is a potent anticholinergic agent and potential deliriant in higher doses. This activity is responsible for the side effects of dry mouth and throat, increased heart rate, pupil dilation, urinary retention, constipation, and, at high doses, hallucinations or ...
Commercial use as an asthma medication began in 1981. [18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [19] Some forms are available as a generic medication. [20] [21] In 2022, it was the 177th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [22] [23]
In animal and human studies, it has shown similar efficacy to theophylline but with significantly fewer side effects. [5] In February 2014, the US FDA granted an orphan drug designation to doxofylline for the treatment of bronchiectasis following the submission of an application by Alitair Pharmaceuticals, in May 2013.
Methylephedrine, sold under the brand name Metheph among others, is a sympathomimetic medication described as an antiasthmatic agent and used to treat coughing and nasal congestion. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 1 ] It is reported to be used in various over-the-counter cough and cold preparations throughout the world, including Japan .