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Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. [1] [2] [3] This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the Second World War.
Phage therapy has gained recent attention in the United States as an alternative to standard antibiotic therapy. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It has been in practice for just over 100 years in countries such as Russia and Georgia , but due to the recent clinical attention of antibiotic resistance , Western countries have slowly been integrating phage ...
Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
One promising alternative is the combination of bacteriophage therapy and β-lactam antibiotics. [5] This approach is known as phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS), it has been shown to enhance bacterial elimination, improve biofilm penetration, reduce the emergence of resistant mutants and increase bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics.
Since bacteria become resistant against a single phage, d'Herelle suggested using "phage cocktails" containing different phage strains. Phage therapy soon became a boom, and a great hope in medicine. In 1924, 25 January, d'Hérelle received the honorary doctorate of the University of Leiden , [ 14 ] as well as the Leeuwenhoek medal , which is ...
Although phage therapy had been used for one hundred years in Eastern Europe, it was not licensed for clinical use in the United States or most of Western Europe. Her husband, Tom Patterson, appears to be the first person in the U.S. to be successfully cured from a systemic multi-drug-resistant bacterial infection with cocktails of intravenous ...
Phage therapy—viruses that specifically target pathogenic bacteria—has been developed over the last 80 years, primarily in the former Soviet Union, where it was used to prevent diarrhea caused by E. coli. [57] Presently, phage therapy for humans is available only at the Phage Therapy Center in the Republic of Georgia and in Poland. [58]
Phage therapy is under investigation as a method of treating antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Phage therapy involves infecting bacterial pathogens with viruses . Bacteriophages and their host ranges are extremely specific for certain bacteria, thus, unlike antibiotics, they do not disturb the host organism's intestinal microbiota . [ 201 ]