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Functional programming is an active area of research in the field of programming language theory. There are several peer-reviewed publication venues focusing on functional programming, including the International Conference on Functional Programming, the Journal of Functional Programming, and the Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming.
In functional programming, fold (also termed reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject) refers to a family of higher-order functions that analyze a recursive data structure and through use of a given combining operation, recombine the results of recursively processing its constituent parts, building up a return value.
In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit [1] of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times.
The more common definition for a monad in functional programming, used in the above example, is actually based on a Kleisli triple T, η, μ rather than category theory's standard definition. The two constructs turn out to be mathematically equivalent, however, so either definition will yield a valid monad.
Backus calls functional programming applicative programming; [clarification needed] his function-level programming is a particular, constrained type. A key distinction from functional languages is that Backus' language has the following hierarchy of types: atoms; functions, which take atoms to atoms
The map function originated in functional programming languages. The language Lisp introduced a map function called maplist [3] in 1959, with slightly different versions already appearing in 1958. [4] This is the original definition for maplist, mapping a function over successive rest lists:
In a purely functional language, the only dependencies between computations are data dependencies, and computations are deterministic. Therefore, to program in parallel, the programmer need only specify the pieces that should be computed in parallel, and the runtime can handle all other details such as distributing tasks to processors, managing synchronization and communication, and collecting ...
Programming paradigm; Declarative programming; Programs as mathematical objects; Function-level programming; Purely functional programming; Total functional programming; Lambda programming; Static scoping; Higher-order function; Referential transparency