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The Crusaders conquered the city in 1099 and held it until its conquest by the army of Saladin at the siege of Jerusalem in 1187 and its surrender to the Ayyubid dynasty, a Muslim sultanate that ruled in the Middle East in the early 12th century. [3] The Sixth Crusade put Jerusalem back under Crusader rule from 1229 to 1244, until the city was ...
At the time of the First Crusade, iter, "journey", and peregrinatio, "pilgrimage" were used for the campaign. Crusader terminology remained largely indistinguishable from that of Christian pilgrimage during the 12th century. A specific term for a crusader in the form of crucesignatus —"one signed by the cross"—emerged in the early 12th century.
Arab-Andalusian geographer and traveller Ibn Jubayr, who was hostile to the Franks, described the Muslims living under the Christian crusaders' Kingdom of Jerusalem in the late 12th-century: We left Tibnin by a road running past farms where Muslims live who do very well under the Franks-may Allah preserve us from such a temptation! The ...
Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 Helena finding the True Cross (Italian manuscript, c. 825) The Madaba Map depiction of sixth-century Jerusalem Church of the Holy Sepulchre: Jerusalem is generally considered the cradle of Christianity. [41] 324–325: Emperor Constantine wins the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy and reunites ...
Crusade Time Description People's Crusade 1096 The People's Crusade (1096). A prelude to the First Crusade led by Peter the Hermit. See above. Children's Crusade 1212 The Children's Crusade was a failed Popular Crusade by the West to regain the Holy Land. The traditional narrative includes some factual and some mythical events including visions ...
The crusaders in Jerusalem were conquered in 1187, but their Kingdom of Jerusalem survived, moving the capital to Acre in 1191. Crusaders re-captured the city of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade, during 1229–1239 and 1241–1244. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was finally dissolved with the fall of Acre and the end of the Crusades in the Holy Land in ...
William of Tyre writing his history, from a 13th-century Old French translation, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, MS 2631, f.1r. The historiography of the Crusades is the study of history-writing and the written history, especially as an academic discipline, regarding the military expeditions initially undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, or 13th centuries to the Holy Land.
13th-century miniature of Baldwin II of Jerusalem granting the captured Al-Aqsa Mosque to Hugues de Payens. In the 12th century, Gratian and the Decretists included key elements of traditional opinions about war and soldiers in Decretum, drawing upon the writings of St. Augustine. Gratian addressed questions such as whether bearing arms was ...