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From a semantic perspective, a tense is a temporal circumstance in which an event takes place relative to a given point in time. [i] [ii] [iii] It is absolute (primary) if it relates the represented event to the time of the speech event [iv] [v] [vi] [vii] and it is relative if it relates the represented event to the time of another event in the context of discourse.
From a semantic perspective, a tense is a temporal circumstance in which an event takes place relative to a given point in time. [i] [ii] [iii] It is absolute (primary) if it relates the represented event to the time of the speech event [iv] [v] [vi] [vii] and it is relative if it relates the represented event to the time of another event in the context of discourse.
The infinitive has two main tenses (present and perfect) as well as a number of periphrastic tenses used in reported speech. Latin tenses do not have exact English equivalents, so that often the same tense can be translated in different ways depending on its context: for example, dūcō can be translated as 'I lead', 'I am leading' or 'I led ...
Inner Meaning Outer Meaning Paradigm Latin example English translation Comment relative future future in present 'present infinitive of periphrastic future' cōnfīdō, tē factūrum esse omnia (Cicero) [4] 'I believe in you that you will do everything' [the fact] that x will do in English future in past 'accusative of future participle'
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
Similarly, the following two examples use different tenses, although the context is very similar and the meaning is the same: est quod domī dīcere paene fuī oblītus (Plautus) [ 85 ] 'there's something which I almost forgot to say (earlier) in the house (i.e. before we left the house)'
Latin tenses (semantics) Latin tenses in commands (semantics) Latin tenses in dependent clauses; Latin tenses with modality; V. Verb of fearing; Latin verb paradigms; W.
A difference from English grammar is that in open future conditions, it is usual in Latin to use one of the future tenses, when English has the present tense. [ 7 ] Apart from the types mentioned below it is also possible to have mixed conditionals, for example with different tenses in protasis and apodosis.